RBA announces closely watched July decision after weeks of speculation

The Reserve Bank (RBA) has announced a shock hold decision on Tuesday keeping rates at 3.85 per cent, defying widely predicted expectations of a cut.

In its statement on Tuesday, the RBA said: "With the cash rate 50 basis points lower than five months ago and wider economic conditions evolving broadly as expected, the Board judged that it could wait for a little more information to confirm that inflation remains on track to reach 2.5 per cent on a sustainable basis."

Ahead of Tuesday, economists widely expected the RBA to cut rates, with market pricing via the ASX RBA Rate Tracker suggesting a 97 per cent chance of a cut.

Of the major banks, NAB has most consistently held the view that the RBA will deliver a July rate cut, updating their forecast in early April this year - roughly a week after US President Donald Trump’s so-called “Liberation Day” tariff announcement shook markets and economic commentators.

ANZ, shifting its rate call from August to July mere days before the board’s meeting, cited stalled consumer confidence and uncertainty around US trade policy as supportive of a cut.

The major bank’s head of Australian economics, Adam Boyton, said the RBA may view a July cut as “the path of least regret”, opting not to wait for the full forecast update and August Statement on Monetary Policy (SMP).

Recent data has shown Australia’s labour market holding steady at around 4.1 per cent for nearly a year – a stronger-than-expected outcome compared to the RBA’s assumptions in the May SMP.

Meanwhile, the latest May monthly consumer price index (CPI) print, released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) last month, showed a monthly increase of 2.1 per cent, lower than market consensus of 2.3 per cent, marking the lowest reading since October 2024.

On the back of these economic data flows, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia’s (CBA) senior economist, Belinda Allen, confirmed the major bank had shifted its rate cut call to July.

But much like her contemporaries in ANZ and Westpac, Allen noted at the time that the decision to cut in July would still be a close one.

“The case to leave the cash rate on hold would be around diminished trade uncertainty since the heightened May environment, a still tight labour market and wanting to see a full quarterly CPI print,” Allen said. “We expect though a 25 basis point cut will make the stronger argument.”

Similarly, last week, HSBC chief economist Paul Bloxham noted the RBA’s growing openness to rate cuts if inflation continued to ease, adding that while weaker-than-expected GDP figures in early June may support a case for easing, they wouldn’t necessarily be sufficient to force the RBA’s hand.

However, with the addition of weaker monthly CPI figures, he ruled a cut most likely.